What is endometriosis?

Endometriosis care and therapy vary based on the extent of endometriosis, the patient's age, and desire for future fertility. Among the therapeutic options are:

Endometriosis of Grade I: Pain medications and oral contraceptives can help reduce endometriosis symptoms.
Endometriosis Grade II: LAPEX, or laparoscopy and excision, can be used to eliminate tiny blood deposits.
Grade III endometriosis: Larger blood deposits can be burned by surgical ablation.

Endometrioma (Chocolate Cyst): An endometrioma ovarian endometrial cyst can be removed with laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy, and blood deposits in the abdomen can be eliminated via ablation.

Lapex with Hysterectomy: As a last resort, hysterectomy may be done in conjunction with lapex. While hysterectomy eliminates the uterus, lapex is used to remove all minor/major endometrial tissue from the abdomen. It is the last and permanent course of therapy for endometriosis for people who do not want to have any more children.

While endometriosis is a prevalent condition (endometriosis meaning in hindi - garbhasay), the overall chance of developing endometriosis cancer is low. In a major epidemiological investigation, the total frequency of ovarian cancer in patients with endometriosis cancer was 0.3-0.8%, which was 2-3 times higher than in controls [46].

Endometriosis surgery

While there are several diagnostic and surgical therapies for endometriosis, all are laparoscopic and need anaesthesia.

Laparoscopy, as the name implies, is conducted with a laparoscope, which is a small catheter-like equipment with a camera and lens on its end.

Once you are sedated, the doctor cuts a smaller keyhole in your abdomen and injects carbon dioxide gas to elevate it over the small intestines and provide space for the surgery. The laparoscope is then inserted, allowing a high-definition view of the internal organs to be displayed on a digital monitor. This imaging aids in determining the exact condition of endometriosis, as well as its severity and grade.

The clinician excises the microscopic blood deposits in grade II endometriosis using specialised medical tools. (LAPEX- laparoscopy, and excision)
For grade III, the doctor uses ablation to burn the bigger blood deposits. (Ablation and laparoscopy)
In the case of a grade IV or endometrioma cyst, the doctor uses specialised medical equipment to remove the cyst endometriosis from the ovaries (laparoscopic cystectomy) and ablates the additional blood deposits in the abdomen.
If the lady is above 40 or is confident she will not have any more children, the uterus may be removed (hysterectomy) while any other blood deposits in the abdomen are excised or ablated.
Endometriosis causes menstrual flow that is backward.