Bankart surgery, named after the British orthopedic surgeon Arthur Bankart, is a surgical procedure designed to repair a Bankart lesion. This type of shoulder injury typically occurs when the labrum, a ring of cartilage surrounding the shoulder socket (glenoid), is torn off due to a traumatic shoulder dislocation. Bankart surgery aims to reattach and stabilize the labrum to prevent further shoulder dislocations and restore normal shoulder function.

Preoperative Evaluation: Before undergoing Bankart surgery, patients undergo a thorough evaluation, which may include physical examination, imaging tests (such as MRI or CT scans), and discussions about the procedure, potential risks, and expected outcomes.

Anesthesia: Bankart surgery is typically performed under general anesthesia to ensure patient comfort throughout the procedure.

Surgical Approach: The surgeon makes small incisions around the shoulder joint to access the damaged area. In some cases, minimally invasive arthroscopic techniques may be utilized, which involve inserting a tiny camera (arthroscope) and surgical instruments through small incisions.

Labral Repair: Using specialized instruments, the surgeon repairs the torn labrum and reattaches it to the shoulder socket using sutures or anchors. Additional procedures, such as capsular tightening or bone augmentation, may be performed to further stabilize the shoulder joint.

Closure: Once the labral repair is completed, the incisions are closed with sutures or surgical tape, and a sterile dressing is applied.

The recovery timeline following Bankart surgery varies depending on the individual patient, the extent of the shoulder injury, and the surgical technique used.

Immediate Postoperative Period: Patients may experience pain, swelling, and stiffness in the shoulder immediately following surgery. Pain management medications and physical therapy exercises are prescribed to aid in recovery.

Early Rehabilitation: Physical therapy is initiated soon after surgery to restore shoulder mobility and strength gradually. Patients typically begin with passive range-of-motion exercises and progress to active strengthening exercises over time.

Return to Activities: Full recovery from Bankart surgery may take several months, during which patients gradually resume normal activities and may eventually return to sports or physically demanding tasks.

Bankart surgery has been shown to be highly effective in reducing the risk of recurrent shoulder dislocations and restoring shoulder stability. The majority of patients experience significant improvement in shoulder function and a decreased likelihood of future dislocations. However, individual outcomes may vary, and patients are advised to follow their surgeon's postoperative instructions closely to optimize recovery and achieve the best possible results.

Bankart surgery is a valuable treatment option for individuals suffering from shoulder instability due to a Bankart lesion. By understanding the purpose, procedure, recovery process, and expected outcomes of Bankart surgery, patients can make informed decisions about their shoulder care and take proactive steps toward regaining stability and function in their shoulder joint. As with any surgical procedure, it is essential to consult with a qualified orthopedic surgeon to determine the most appropriate treatment plan based on individual needs and circumstances. With proper care and rehabilitation, Bankart surgery can provide lasting relief and restore confidence in shoulder function.